Kaieteur Falls is not the highest in the world, its width is inferior to the waterfalls of the Big Three, but it is the most powerful and strong stage in the world. Tons of water falling from a cliff into the abyss, shrouded in mist and rainbow pierced, and for tens of kilometers around the stretch impassable wild jungle. This waterfall is worth it to see him. Suffice it to say that the Kaieteur five times higher than the famous Niagara Falls.

Is this wonder of nature in Guyana – the only country on the South American continent, the official language of which – English. Waterfall – the most popular tourist attraction in the country, the existence of which even few people realize. Kaieteur – one of the most powerful waterfalls in the world and especially in combination of a large volume of water and the height of its fall – 226 meters. No other waterfall can not boast of such characteristics.

Kaieteur is surrounded by tropical forests, which are not touched by the hand of man, which is long gone alongside the more popular and large waterfalls. No crowds here and continuously taking pictures. By visiting this site, the man is alone with nature.

Energy of water falls is so strong that it forms a permanent hurricane at its foot. In the pond at the foot of the wave never fade, and the weather is very windy and cloudy, but it is necessary to move a few meters, as the wind dies down and starts to shine brightly the sun. And it’s not the only unusual terrain. It is here, just below the falling water was first discovered a new mineral – Potaro. This is very rare mineral is an alloy of palladium and mercury.
In 1926, around the waterfall was created Kaieteur National Park, which became the oldest national park in the Caribbean and South America. Having been here you can see rare plants and endangered animals.
Getting to the park can be either on foot or by starting the path from the surrounding area of the city of Mahdia, so comfortably and on the plane. Difficult trek on foot takes three days, but can be a real adventure, memorable for a lifetime. Near the waterfall there is a small convenient airstrip, but not far from it – guest house, where you can spend the night.
Best time to visit Gayany and Kaieteur – immediately after the end of the rainy season, a dangerous characteristic of this climate. In Guyana, the prolonged rainy season and falls to the time from April to August, and then, after a short break – from November to October. But it was after this season, you can assess the full extent of the power and beauty of this extraordinary imagination and endearing place.

Piranha family of fish of the order karpoobraznyh. The body is laterally compressed fish has an average length of about 30 cm, 60 cm and reach the powerful jaw with sharp wedge-shaped teeth. Piranha fish are about 50 species in the waters of South America. Predatory fish shoals attack other fish, animals, and they are dangerous to humans. Herbivorous purified water from the vegetation. Small fish are bred piranhas in aquariums, and they are not so aggressive. What is so Piranhas deserve their fame? Razor-sharp teeth, voracious, ill-tempered. Many of the word “piranha” I remember with a shudder eerie footage of the horror film “Piranha.” Juveniles are silvery-blue color, with darker age, getting black. Despite the small size of piranha fish gluttonous when her jaws are closed, sharp teeth are adjacent to each other, as-built castle of the fingers. And could easily have a snack or finger stick.

The shepherds, driving a herd through the rivers that are home to piranhas, give one of the animals to be eaten by piranhas. Thus, diverting them from the herd, and as passionate about piranhas victim, melted in a different place to the other side. Wild animals are not as smart as people, and in order to cross the river or drink the water in the area that are found predatory fish piranhas. Begin to splash water or noise to attract piranhas. And when the pack piranhas appear on the noise, the animals go on shore in a safe place, and there are already moving to the other side of the shore or drink water. Piranha with his ill-tempered bad coexist, often attacking each other. They attack on anyone who enters their territory, be it fish or other animals and people.

Even the alligator avoids meetings with them. The worst fish is, of course, white shark, but not less fear suggest stories about the little fish – piranhas. Many legends are told that a pack of piranhas can only half an hour to destroy a large animal. Only a drop of blood hit the water turns into piranha mad demon, rush to everything that comes his way. The very name of ‘Piranha’ strikes fear. “Piranha” is translated from the language of South American Indians – “toothed demon.” Jaw muscles in piranhas are developed so that the piranha “cuts” the smallest piece, and it does not produce tears, and cuts like a surgeon with a scalpel into small pieces. Piranha can even bite through steel, they are particularly dangerous during the spawning season, when the pair first and then the male protects the clutch of eggs.

Despite all the horrors induced by this kind of fish they are caring parents and protect your home from intruders. Most of the common species of piranhas is – red piranha. It lives in fresh waters of South America, and in all the basins of La Plata, the Orinoco and Amazon. It can also be found in the eastern foothills of the Andes of Colombia and, in all the Amazon basin in Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Peru to the north-east Argentina. More actively engaged in a young individual, often gather in flocks and are in constant search of food. Adults also have a settled way, hiding in the weeds and do not chase the prey, and waiting for her in the shelter.

Kaieteur Falls is not the highest in the world, its width is inferior to the waterfalls of the Big Three, but it is the most powerful and strong stage in the world. Tons of water falling from a cliff into the abyss, shrouded in mist and rainbow pierced, and for tens of kilometers around the stretch impassable wild jungle. This waterfall is worth it to see him. Suffice it to say that the Kaieteur five times higher than the famous Niagara Falls.

Fish Arapayma – suborder kosteyazychnyh, one of the major fish species inhabit fresh water, some specimens weighing over 200 kg and up to three meters in length. This is one of the commercial fish species in South America, often goes fishing nets, so the giant arapaym not found in the wild waters. And in some areas and completely disabled her capture. It feeds mainly on fish, small animals and birds. Has a unique mechanism of adaptation – can breathe naturally and through the tissue, similar to the lung tissue that lines the bladder and throat. This breathing has evolved from the fact that the waters of the Amazon is little oxygen. That’s because fish arapaymy tolerate drought, picking up the air, buried in sand, mud bog, waiting for the tide. Breathing arapaymy very common when a large arapayma coming to the surface, appears at first swirl, and then out of the water there is fish head with open mouth. With characteristic clicking sounds deflates, swallows fresh air and disappears into the depths. Adult fish occur every 15 minutes on the water surface, the young more often.

Giant arapayma – little-the world’s largest fish. Early descriptions are taken from the stories of travel and some exaggerated. The authors, who also specifically investigated this kind of fish, according to some very interesting data on the behavior and biology of fishes arapayma. Strange, then, that arapaymu caught without limitation in the Brazilian and Peruvian units in the ducts of the Amazon. But no one tried to study its behavior and the preservation of this species, until it was much reduced in number.

Giant fish lived in a pond in Brazil with the hope that they take root. There are some areas of rivers and lakes in eastern Peru, where the reserve funds are catching arapaymy is only with the permission of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Adults have arapaymy colorful painting: on the back of the color changes from blue-black to metallic green, tail and sides of the silver-gray, the belly – from cream to greenish-white. Huge flakes of shimmer in shades of red.
Young fish feed on shrimp and has grown to become another food, mainly fish, crustaceans bottom.

The sources of past data on the size arapaymy greatly exaggerated, for example, in describing R.Shom-Burke in his book “Fishes of British Guiana,” there is evidence that arapayma reaches a length of 14 feet (ft – 0.305 m) and weight about 400 pounds (lb – 0, 454 kg). And this information is not obtained at first hand and also not confirmed. In fact, this species reaches the length of 7 feet and weighs about 300 pounds. Habitat arapaymy probably depends on the plant environment than from the water. For this type of fish needed rugged coast with a fairly wide band of plants floating near the shore, forming floating meadows. Therefore arapayma lives primarily in the backwaters, where in addition to the floating meadows and floating plants (mimosas and ferns, hyacinth, etc.). Due to its color is invisible giant fish among plants.

The most favorable habitat for arapaym in South America is the Rio Park. Here the fish reaches maturity in 5 years and reach about 6 feet long and weigh up to 100 pounds. Presumably the adult fish arapaymy breed twice a year.

The wettest continent on the planet is South America. This feature of the climate can be explained by a whole set of factors affecting the climate. In the northern part of the mainland crossed the equator, the trade winds converge to it in both hemispheres. Winds from the cortex come from the Atlantic Ocean, bringing warm air. Due to the lack of any orographic barriers moist air easily penetrates deep into the mainland, bringing moisture. In the foothills of the Andes, the maximum amount of precipitation falls each year. The annual rainfall in most parts of the continent at least 1000 mm. In different climatic zones of different rainfall patterns. During the year, they fall uniformly in the equatorial, and their maximum occurs in the summer. In the humid tropical climate there is a uniform mode of precipitation.

West Coast in the southern Peruvian tropics washed over, which is cool. Cold water affects the adjacent air layer, as a result of this air is not able to climb up. Totally there are no conditions for the condensation of water vapor and cloud formation. The result is the fact that the coast for a year may receive less than 100 mm of rainfall, and most of them falls in the form of dew.

The extreme south of the mainland located in a temperate climate. The main process of circulation in these latitudes are westerly winds from the Pacific. Ocean mountains do not allow moist air to penetrate deep into the mainland. The result is that on the windward slopes of the Andes in the south of precipitation falling as much as in the equatorial zone. Of course, the climate of these places is quite complicated, so forecasters need an incredible amount of knowledge to predict the weather, but, for example, to predict the weather in Chelyabinsk, a lot easier.

What is the pampas? Pampa – steppe belt of subtropical South America. Here, warm winters and frosts rarely falls little rain total to 500 mm per year. In these steppes there are no trees because of recurrent drought periods and highly dense clay soils. Less affected by grazing grasses and fires. Trees are found only on the slopes of the terraces along river valleys. A characteristic feature of pampas is the presence of inland lakes, many of them dry up in summer.

Water are alkaline because they accumulate in the ash. On this day pampas thickly populated, is home to most of the people of Argentina. Well-developed animal husbandry and agriculture. The soil and root raspashena vegetation has not been preserved, and no reserves. You can meet some native vegetation in the excluded bands along rivers, roads and railways. Pampas landscape has changed, alternate arable land (maize, wheat), sown pasture and planting strips of exotic trees. The former had a rich flora of about 1000 species of grasses and forbs as much. In this vast green sea is calm rider could escape. Mainly dominated by grasses: perlovnik, fire, beaver, feather grass, bluegrass, southern tuesok. Also, the animal world was rich, many rodent species, have survived only one representative of the South American family epidemik Viskachi. Most animals and birds are on the verge of extinction, such as deer pampiysky.

Argentine pampas – stretched flat desert terrain of the Atlantic Ocean to the foothills of the Andes, from the River La Plata and Rio Negro. “Pampa” – plain, translated from the language of Quechua Indians. The landscape of the desert and sometimes monotonous, as if from nowhere to dominate the mountain wanderer, an island in the sea.
Pampa covers 80 thousand square kilometers of territory, such a long length of the Pampa arose due to accumulation of loose rock, broken rock of the Andes. Offering of a pampas mountain streams and rivers wind played a role here drove fine particles of destroyed rock. Power up to 300 m sedimentary strata are in Buenos Aires, and in some places and completely covering the ancient forms of relief. There are no slopes, thus impeding the flow of water thus formed at the expense of Pampa gigantic forces of nature, carved relief, and often altered the work of his creation. In the Argentine pampas today is similar to the Indus-Gangetic plain, but the natural conditions in South Asia are different from Argentina.

There is no slopes and rain water slides, do not form a river. Rainwater accumulates in areas of clay in the hollows and forms Lagunas – Marsh Lake. Most rivers originate in the Sierra pampiyskih, but go farther into the valley lose their power and most of them dry up. Often change the channel of the river, leaving behind floods, which will eventually turn into swamp. Unlike climate between the eastern and western parts explains the difference in the compositions of the soil. In the western part of the hot arid climate – stunted vegetation, most of the land entirely naked. East with high rainfall – dense vegetation.

Mount Roraima – this is the highest point in Guyana. This Tepui or mesa – amazing in its beauty Hills, located at the junction of three countries in South America – Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela. In the language of Permon – Indians living in South America since time immemorial, “Tepui” means “house of the gods,” and this name is very accurately describes itself Roraima. Until now, the mountain and its surroundings are the most enigmatic, mysterious and little-known region of our planet.

Roraima is one of the oldest mountains of the Earth, which were previously part of the world’s first continent. As you know, the mountains are an important point in the construction of any state of geopolitics, and the geopolitics of Canada – is no exception. A characteristic feature of the mountains, their outlines are Tepui – these mountains are high, almost vertical and quite impregnable walls, making the ascent of a mountain nearly impossible. Also distinctive feature Tepui – this cascading waterfalls. The most famous waterfall of Roraima – Angel, who is renowned for being the very image of the river, while the usual waterfalls are only part of the river. Flora and fauna are unique and amazing Roraima – rain forests, insect-eating plants, giant rats and tiny black frogs. Rivers of Roraima are not like any of the rivers in the world – the water in them is black and red. Mystery adds a great cloud of sorrow that hangs over it all the time, and a thick fog, overcast most of the time its slopes.

Mount Roraima was the inspiration of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to create the famous novel “The Lost World.” The basis of the novel went to the expedition of the German scientist Robert Shombruka English botanist and Iva Cerna. Published travelers report on the expedition, most scientists have accepted for a fantastic invention – no one could believe that somewhere in the world are flowing rivers and lush colorful blooming plants, considered extinct for hundreds of years ago. But the most unusual was a strange description of day and night – on the plateau of Roraima’s descriptions of scientists for several days is a clear day, which is then followed by several hours of impenetrable darkness. After Shombruka and Serna on Roraima not raised any scientist within a hundred years, and only in the mid-20th century, the study of these sites have been restored. But no matter what, Roraima is still the most unexplored places on earth, and no one knows what mysteries fraught with this ancient world as a mountain.

With climate change, the onset of the dry season, tropical forests in South America, go to the savannas and woodlands. Between rainforest and savanna in the Brazilian Highlands is a strip of palm forests. Savannah of South America, occupy most of the Brazilian Highlands, mainly in inland areas. Also occupy large areas of the Guiana Highlands and Lowlands Orinokskoy. Brazilian savanna on red ferralitovyh soils are usually called “Campos.” The flora of Campos consists mainly of grasses genera: Andropogon, Paspalum and Aristida, also present here the family Asteraceae and legumes.

Trees in the savanna there is little or have separate instances occurring: Euphorbias, tree cactus, mimosa with zontikovoy crown, and other succulents and xerophytes.
The northeastern part of the Brazilian Highlands occupied a larger area kaatingoy – dolled forest consisting of drought-resistant shrubs and trees to red-brown soil. Most trees in the dry season the leaves fall off, others have a swollen trunk, it accumulates moisture, an example of such a tree is – vatochnik Cavanillesia platanifolia. Often the branches and trunks of trees covered with epiphytic plants kaatingii and vines. Also found in kaatingi some species of palms, the most remarkable of them – it’s palm-wax carnauba. Carnauba is a tree of life, so it is called the natives, and for good reason. It gives a vegetable wax, boil it or scrape the leaves reach lengths of up to two meters. The wax is mainly for the manufacture of candles for polishing floors. From the upper part of trees are palm flour and sago leaves and cover the roof and weave various products. The roots are used in medicine, the fruit is eaten boiled and raw.

On the plains of the Gran Chaco in the more arid areas there are also sparse forests, thickets of thorny shrubs. The structure consists of two forest tree species from different families, but with general title “Kebracho” – broke his ax. These trees contain a lot of tannins: kebracho red about 25% and slightly less white kebracho. Because they have wood is dense and heavy, they do not drown and do not decompose in water. Kebracho widely used in construction, manufactured from it: piles, sleepers and other products intended for use in long-term presence in the water. It is also found more and Algarrobo – family tree mimozovyh, with strong branching crown and has a curved trunk. In Algarrobo gentle soft foliage which does not give shade. In the lower tiers of the forest there are thorny bushes, which form impenetrable thickets.

In the red-brown and red soils of the savannas contain a lot of humus, they are highly fertile than the soil in the rainforest. In this regard, the cultivation of these lands are occupied (exported from Africa): the coffee tree, bananas, cotton and other plants.

The rich fauna of the savannas of South America, represented by different species of predators, but there are jaguars cougars, cat Pampa, ocelot. In the southern part of the maned wolf, fox on the plains of Pampa, Magellan fox, of ungulates – deer pampaysky. Representative of the third American family edentates – battleship. Of rodents are found among other species: tuko-tuko (living in the land) and viskachi, nutria and beavers. In addition to many parrots, hummingbirds are found savannah rhea and some birds of prey. Savannah is literally teeming with lizards and snakes – is the distinguishing feature of the landscape of South America. In some areas of South America from time to time suffer from invading locusts.